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Tax Rates And Allowances

In this document you will find:

  • Capital Allowances
  • Capital Gains Tax
  • Car And Fuel Benefits
  • Charitable Gifts
  • Corporation Tax
  • Fuel Rates
  • Income Tax Allowances
  • Income Tax Bands & Rates
  • Individual Savings Accounts
  • Inheritance Tax
  • Key Tax Dates
  • Minimum Wage
  • National Insurance
  • Pension Premiums
  • Social Security Benefits
  • Stamp Duty
  • Tax Credits & Child Benefit
  • Tax Free Mileage Allowances
  • Tax Shelters
  • Value Added Tax
  • Van Benefits

Capital Allowances

Allowance 2011/12
Plant and machinery
Main rate pool:
- expenditure up to £100,000 - First Year
- expenditure over £100,000
- subsequent years writing down allowance

100% (1)
20%
20%
Special rate pool (long life assets, integral features):
- expenditure up to £100,000 - First Year
- expenditure over £100,000 - First Year
- subsequent writing down allowance

100% (1)
10%
10%
Energy saving plant and machinery 100% (2)
Motor cars
New cars with CO2 emission not exceeding 110gm/km 100%(3)
Cars with C02 emission over 160gm/km - writing down allowance 10% (3)
Cars with C02 emission of 160gm/km or less (added to main plant pool) - writing down allowance 20% (3)
Cars acquired prior to April 2009 - writing down allowance 20% - max £3,000 (3)
Research & development
Large Companies 130%
SME's 200% (2010/11 - 175%)
Intangible assets for companies Amortisation per accounts or 4%
Disadvantaged Areas Business Premises Renovation allowance 100%

2010/11 rates are shown where different.

Capital allowances write off the cost of capital assets against taxable profits. They are used instead of the depreciation in the accounts, which is not allowable as a tax deduction.

(1) For accounting periods shorter or longer than 1 year the £100,000 limit is pro-rata. There is a single £100,000 AIA limit for groups of companies and there is "anti-fragmentation" rules for "related" companies and businesses under common control. The AIA limit can be allocated between companies as they wish.

(2) Companies that make losses attributable to 100% first year allowances on designated energy saving or environmentally beneficial plant and machinery can surrender the loss in exchange for the first year tax credit equal to 19% of the loss surrendered subject to a maximum of the greater of £250,000 or the company's total PAYE and NIC liability for the period concerned.

(3) The distinction between cars that cost more and less than £12,000 ended on 1 April 2009 for companies and 6 April 2009 for unincorporated businesses. From this date cars will be put into one of two general plant pools, those over 160g/km added to a special rate 10% pool and those at or below 160gm/km will go into the main plant pool. Cars with private usage will still be held in individual pools but the rate determined by these criteria. For expenditure on cars before April 2009, there is a 5 year transitional period where they will continue to be subject to the existing expensive car rules. Prior to these dates there was a 20% writing down allowance subject to a maximum of £3000p.a.

Future changes

From 1 April 2012 for Companies and 6 April 2012 for unincorporated businesses, the plant and machinery writing down allowance for the main rate will pool will fall to 18% and the special rate pool will fall to 8%. At the same time the annual investment allowance will reduce from £100,000 to £25,000.

Capital Gains Tax

Annual exempt amount 2011-12 (£) 2010-11 (£)
Individuals etc* 10,600 10,100
Other trustees (spread between each trust) 5,300 5,050

*Individuals, trustees of settlements for the disabled, and personal representatives of the estate of a deceased person.

2011-12 (£) 2010-11 (£)
Standard Rate of tax 18% 18%
Higher rate from 23 June 2010** 28% 28%
Entrepreneurs' Relief - effective rate 10% 10%
Entrepreneurs' Relief lifetime limit to 22 June 2010 £2million
Entrepreneurs' Relief lifetime limit from 23 June 2010 £5million
Entrepreneurs' Relief lifetime limit from 6 April 2011 £10million

Entrepreneurs' relief is available on qualifying lifetime gains on or after 6th April 2008.

** The higher rate applies to higher and additional rate taxpayers.

Transfers between husband and wife or civil partners that live together are exempt.

Car And Fuel Benefits

The following rates apply for 2011/12.

CO2 emissions
grams per kilometre
PetrolDiesel
% of list price
1 - 75 5 8
76 - 120 10 13
121 - 129 15 18
130 - 134 16 19
135 - 139 1720
140 - 144 1821
145 - 149 1922
150 - 154 2023
155 - 159 2124
160 - 164 2225
165 - 169 2326
170 - 174 2427
175 - 179 2528
180 - 184 2629
185 - 189 2730
190 - 194 2831
195 - 199 2932
200 - 204 3033
205 - 209 3134
210 - 214 3235
215 - 219 3335
220 - 224 3435
225 and above3535

To find the CO2 figure for your car, you can...

  • visit the Vehicle Certification Agency www.vca.gov.uk
  • inspect the car's V5 registration document
  • ask your dealer
  • look at the data pages of car magazines

For cars registered from 1 January 1998 with no CO2 emissions figures, the tax charge is 15% of the list price for engines up to 1,400 cc, 22% for engines of 1,401 cc to 2,000 cc and 32% for engines above 2,000 cc.

Where cars have zero CO2 emissions in all circumstances, the car benefit charge is reduced to zero.

List price is reduced for capital contributions made by the employee up to £5,000.

Employee contributions reduce the taxable benefit by the amount paid.

There are various discounts on the percentages for car driven on alternative fuels

Fuel Benefits

The car fuel benefit is calculated by applying the above car benefit percentage to a figure of £18,800 (2010/11 - £18,000).

The fuel benefit charge is proportionately reduced if provision of private fuel ceases part way through the year.

The fuel benefit is reduced to nil only if the employee pays for all private fuel.

Charitable Gifts

Gift Aid

Individuals can claim higher and additional rate relief on cash gifts and payments to charities using gift aid. It allows a charity to reclaim the basic-rate tax on donations made by UK taxpayers from HMRC. Higher and additional rate taxpayers can claim an additional tax relief on the gross donation through their tax return at their marginal rate.

You can make a claim for a charitable donation made in one tax year to be treated as if it had been made in the previous tax year.

To qualify for gift aid you must pay at least as much tax as the amount the charities will reclaim on your gifts in the tax year in which you make them. You must make a declaration to the charity concerned.

Give As You Earn

Give As You Earn allows employees to make regular donations tax-free from their gross salary. The employer will deduct the amount from their salary for payment to the charity.

The taxable pay of the employee is reduced by the amount of their donation.

Corporation Tax

Corporation Tax On Profits - £ per year (unless stated)

Rate Financial Year to 31/3/2012 Financial Year to 31/3/2011
Small companies rate 20% on first 300,000 21% on first 300,000
Marginal relief300,001 - 1,500,000 300,001 - 1,500,000
Marginal relief fraction 3/200 7/400
Effective marginal rate 27.5% 29.75%
Main rate 26% on 1,500,001 or more 28% on 1,500,001 or more

The profits limits are reduced for accounting periods of less than 12 months and for a company with associated companies.

It has been announced the main companies rate will decrease to 25% for the year to 31/3/2013, 24% for the year to 31/3/2014 and 23% for the year to 31/3/2015.

Fuel Rates

From 1st December 2011*

PetrolLPG
Up to 1400cc 15p 10p
1401cc to 2000cc18p12p
Over 2000cc26p18p
Diesel
Up to 1600cc12p
1601cc to 2000cc15p
Over 2000cc18p

From 1st September 2011*

PetrolLPG
Up to 1400cc 15p11p
1401cc to 2000cc18p12p
Over 2000cc26p18p
Diesel
Up to 1600cc12p
1601cc to 2000cc15p
Over 2000cc18p

*Rates per mile

Income Tax Allowances

2011-12 (£) 2010-11 (£)
Personal allowance (1) 7,475 6,475
Personal allowance for people aged 65-74 at the end of year of assessment (1)(2) 9,940 9,490
Personal allowance for people aged 75 and over at the end of year of assessment (1)(2) 10,090 9,640
Income limit for age-related allowances 24,000 22,900
Married couple's allowance - aged 75 or more (relief at 10%) (2) 7,295 6,965
Minimum amount of married couple's allowance 2,800 2,670
Blind person's allowance 1,980 1,890

(1) The personal allowance is reduced for individuals with a gross income before the allowance of £100,000. The allowance will be reduced by £1 for every £2 of gross income above the income limit up to a maximum reduction down to zero. This applies irrespective of age.

(2) These allowances are reduced where the income is above the income limit by £1 for every £2 of income above the limit but will never be less than the personal allowance or minimum amount of married couple's allowance.

Income Tax Bands & Rates

2011-12 2010-11
Taxable Bands(£)Rate Taxable Bands(£) Rate
0 - 2,560 10%* 0 - 2,440 10%*
2,561 - 35,00020%** 2,441 - 37,400 20%**
35,001 - 150,000 40%*** 37,401 - 150,000 40%***
Over 150,000 50%**** Over 150,000 50%****

* Only applies to savings income (otherwise is 20%)

** Dividends taxed at 10%

*** Dividends taxed at 32.5% of the gross dividend

**** Dividends taxed at 42.5% of the gross dividend

Other income is taxed first, then savings and then dividends.

Individual Savings Accounts

Annual exempt amount Overall Limit (£) Cash Limit (£)
2011/1210,6805,340
2010/1110,2005,100

Savings are exempt from income tax and capital gains tax.

Anyone aged 16-17 can invest in a cash ISA only.

It is proposed a new Junior ISA for those under 18 will be available from Autumn 2011.

Inheritance Tax

Inheritance Tax Thresholds

YearAmount (£)
2011-12325,000
2010-11325,000

The IHT threshold is to be frozen at £325,000 until 2014/15.

For deaths after 9th October 2007, a transfer of any unused nil rate band is available from former deceased spouses and civil partners.

Amounts above the threshold are taxed at 40%.

Most transfers between spouses and civil partners are exempt.

Chargeable lifetime transfers are initially charged at 20%.

Business Property Relief

  • Business, interest in business or qualifying shareholders in unquoted companies (includes AIM listed companies) - 100%
  • Land, buildings, machinery, or plant used in a company controlled by the transferor - 50%
  • Agricultural property - 50% or 100%

Other Reliefs:

  • Annual gifts of up to £3000 per donor are exempt.
  • Small gifts £250
  • Marriage gifts...
    • parent £5,000
    • grandparent £2,500
    • bride/groom £2,500
    • other £1,000

Reduced charge on gifts made within seven years of death:

Years before death0-33-44-55-66-7
% of death charge10080604020

Key Tax Dates

Income Tax and Class 4 NIC

  • 31 July 2011 - 2nd payment on account for 2010/11
  • 31 Jan 2012 - balancing payment for 2010/11 and 1st payment on account for 2011/12
  • 31 July 2012 - 2nd payment on account for 2011/12
  • 31 Jan 2013 - balancing payment for 2011/12 and 1st payment on account for 2012/13

Tax Return

  • 31 October 2011 - Filing deadline for 2011 paper return
  • 31 January 2012 - Filing deadline for 2011 online return

Capital Gains Tax

  • 31 January 2012 - CGT payment due for 2010/11
  • 31 January 2013 - CGT payment due for 2011/12

Inheritance Tax

Payment due 6 months after the end of the month of death or chargeable transfer.

For chargeable lifetime transfers from 6 April to 30 September, payment is due by 30 April in the following tax year.

Corporation Tax

Payment due 9 months and one day after the end of the accounting period. Accounts longer than 12 months are divided into two periods.

2010/11 PAYE Return Deadlines

  • 19 May 2011 - P35, P14, P38, P38A and CIS36
  • 31 May 2011 - P60s to employees
  • 6 July 2011 - P11D, P11Db and P9D - and give copies to employees
  • 19 July 2011 - Payment of Class 1A National Insurance on benefits due or 22nd July 2011 for electronic payments

Minimum Wage

From 1 October 2011From 1 October 2010
21 & over £6.08 p.h.£5.93 p.h.
18 to 20£4.98 p.h.£4.92 p.h.
16 and 17£3.68 p.h.£3.64 p.h.
Apprentice rate£2.60 p.h.£2.50 p.h.

National Insurance

£ per week 2011-12 2010-11
Employees
Lower earnings limit, primary Class 1 £102 £97
Upper earnings limit, primary Class 1 £817 £844
Upper accruals point (for those on contracted out pensions) £770 £770
Primary threshold (employees) £139 £110
Secondary threshold (employers) £136 £110
Employees' primary Class 1 rate between primary threshold and upper earnings limit 12% 11%
Employees' primary Class 1 rate above upper earnings limit 2% 1%
Employees' contracted out rebate1.6% 1.6%
Married women's reduced rate between primary threshold and upper earnings limit 5.85% 4.85%
Married women's rate above upper earnings limit 2% 1%
Employers' secondary Class 1 rate above secondary threshold 13.8% 12.8%
Employers' contracted-out rebate, salary-related schemes3.7% 3.7%
Employers' contracted-out rebate, money-purchase schemes1.4% 1.4%
Rates are nil for those over state retirement age. Normal employers' contributions are still payable.
Class 1A and Class 1B 13.8% 12.8%
Class 2 rate (self-employed) £2.50 £2.40
Class 2 small earnings exception £5,315 per year £5,075 per year
Special Class 2 rate for share fishermen £3.15 £3.05
Special Class 2 rate for volunteer development workers £5.10 £4.85
Class 3 rate (voluntary contributions) £12.60 £12.05
Class 4 lower profits limit (self-employed) £7,225 per year £5,715 per year
Class 4 upper profits limit (self-employed) £42,475 per year £43,875 per year
Class 4 rate between lower profits limit and upper profits limit 9% 8%
Class 4 rate above upper profits limit 2% 1%
There is no Class4 payable if the state retirement age was reached by 6 April 2011

NIC Holiday

Some businesses will be exempt from paying the employer's class 1 NICs for 12 months for up to 10 employees, capped at £5,000 per employee. The scheme started in September 2010 but will apply to new businesses set up on and after 22 June 2010. It will only apply in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, the North of England, Yorkshire, the Midlands and the South West regions. Certain businesses are excluded, such as those under the IR35 or Managed Service Company rules, and businesses in grant-supported sectors such as agriculture, fisheries and coal.

Pension Premiums

For 2011/12...

  • Maximum amount of pension contributions that qualify for tax relief is the greater of £3,600 or the individuals UK relevant earnings.
  • An annual allowance is set at £50,000 (2010/11 - £255,000) for the Pension Input Period ending in the tax year. Contributions in excess of the allowance are charged to tax at the top slice of income. Contributions also include those made by the employer.
  • Unused annual allowances of up to £50,000 can be carried forward for the next three years. When considering if there is any unused allowance from 2008/09, 2009/10 and 2010/11 the annual allowance for those years will be deemed to be £50,000.
  • Employer contributions need to be "wholly and exclusively" for the benefit of the trade to obtain tax relief.
  • Minimum age for taking benefits is 55. Was 50 Prior to 6 April 2010.
  • Maximum age for tax relief on contributions is 74.
  • Lifetime allowance is £1,800,000. The limit for 2012/13 has been announced at £1,500,000.
  • There is a tax charge of 55% on the excess value above the lifetime allowance if the excess if taken as a lump sum and 25% on monies retained.
  • Maximum tax-free lump sum is 25%.

Social Security Benefits

Weekly Benefit 2011-12 2010-11
Basic retirement pension - single person £102.15 £97.65
Basic retirement pension - married couple £163.35 £156.15
Statutory pay rates - average weekly earnings £95 or over
Statutory Sick Pay £81.60 £79.15
Statutory Maternity Pay - first six weeks90% of weekly earnings
Statutory Maternity Pay - next 33 weeks £128.73* £124.88*
Statutory Paternity Pay - 2 weeks £128.73* £124.88*
Statutory Adoption Pay - 39 weeks £128.73* £124.88*
Jobseekers Allowance - Single Person (over 25) £67.50 £65.45
Jobseekers Allowance - Married Couple £105.95 £102.75

* Or 90% of weekly earnings if this is lower

Stamp Duty

The following rates apply for 2011/12.

Stamp Duty Land Tax

The applicable rate of Stamp Duty Land Tax must be applied to the whole of the consideration paid to acquire the land / buildings.

Land and Buildings in the UK
RateResidentialNon-residential
Zero £0 to £125,000 £0 to £150,000
1% £125,000+ to £250,000* £150,000+ to £250,000
3%£250,000+ to £500,000£250,000+ to £500,000
4% £500,000+ to £1,000,000 Over £500,000
5% Over £1,000,000

There is zero SDLT payable on residential purchases up to £250,000 from on or after 25 March 2010 to before 25 March 2012 where the purchaser or all purchasers are first time buyers and intend to occupy the property as their main home.

For disadvantaged areas, sales of land and buildings up to £150,000 are exempt.

Zero Carbon Homes

From 1 October 2007 until 30 September 2012 all new zero carbon homes and flats costing up to £500,000 are exempt from stamp duty land tax. Homes and flats above this have the first £500,000 exempt. This only applies to new homes which have SDLT on the first sale.

New leases (lease duty)

Duty on rent

Net present value of rent
RateResidentialNon-residential
Zero£0 to 125,000£0 to £150,000
1% £125,000+£150,000+

Please note that when calculating duty payable on the 'NPV' (Net Present Value) of leases, you must reduce your 'NPV' calculation by the following before applying the 1% rate.

Residential - £125,000
Non-Residential - £150,000

Duty on premium is the same as for transfers of land (except special rules apply for premium on non-residential properties where the rent exceeds £1,000 annually).

Stamp Tax

The rate of stamp duty / stamp duty reserve tax for the transfer of shares and securities is 0.5%. Where the consideration is £1,000 or less on the transfer of shares, they will be exempt from stamp duty.

Tax Credits & Child Benefit

Working Tax Credit - £ per year (unless stated)

Rates and Thresholds 2011-12 2010-11
Basic element 1,920 1,920
Couple and lone parent element 1,950 1,890
30 hour element 790 790
Disabled worker element 2,650 2,570
Severe disability element 1,130 1,095
50+ Return to work payment (16-29 hours) 1,365 1,320
50+ Return to work payment (30+ hours) 2,030 1,965

Childcare Element of the Working Tax Credit - £ per year (unless stated)

Rates and Thresholds 2011-12 2010-11
Maximum eligible cost for one child £175 per week £175 per week
Maximum eligible cost for two or more children £300 per week £300 per week
Percentage of eligible costs covered 70% 80%

Child Tax Credit - £ per year (unless stated)

Rates and Thresholds 2011-12 2010-11
Child Tax Credit Family element 545 545
Family element, baby addition withdrawn 545
Child element 2,555 2,300
Disabled child element 2,800 2,715
Severely disabled child element 1,130 1,095

Income thresholds and withdrawal rates - £ per year (unless stated)

Rates and Thresholds 2011-12 2010-11
First income threshold6,420 6,420
First withdrawal rate (per cent) 41% 39%
Second income threshold 40,000 50,000
Second withdrawal rate (per cent) 41% 6.67%
First threshold for those entitled to Child Tax Credit only 15,860 16,190
Income disregard 10,000 25,000

Child Benefit/Guardian Allowance - £ per week

Rates and Thresholds 2011-12 2010-11
Eldest/Only Child 20.30 20.30
Other Children 13.40 13.40
Guardian's Allowance 14.75 14.30

Tax Free Mileage Allowances

Rates for 2011/12

First 10,000 business miles in the tax yearEach mile over 10,000 miles in the tax year Extra passenger making same trip
Cars and vans 45p (40p in 2010/11) 25p5p
Motor cycles24p24pN/A
Bicycles20p20pN/A

These rates represent the maximum tax-free mileage allowances for employees using their own vehicles for business. Any excess is taxable. If the employee receives less than the statutory rate, tax relief can be claimed on the difference.

Tax Shelters

2011-12 (£) 2010-11 (£)
Enterprise Investment Scheme (EIS) up to
(Income tax relief is 30% (2010/11 - 20%) & CGT deferral relief also available)
500,000 500,000
Venture Capital Trust (VCT ) up to
(Income tax relief of VCT 's is at 30%)
200,000 200,000
Golden Handshake maximum30,000 30,000
Rent a Room - exempt on gross annual rent up to4,250 4,250

Value Added Tax

From 4/1/11 From 1/1/10 to 3/1/11
Standard Rate 20.0% 17.5%
VAT Fraction 1/6 7/47
Lower rate5% 5%
From 1/4/11 From 1/4/10
Registration level £73,000 p.a. £70,000 p.a.
Deregistration limit £71,000 p.a. £68,000 p.a.
Cash accounting scheme - up to£1,350,000 £1,350,000
Optional flat rate scheme - up to£150,000 £150,000
Annual accounting scheme - up to£1,350,000 £1,350,000

VAT fuel scale charges from 1/5/11

CO2 bandScale charge per quarter £VAT on quarterly charge £
124 or below 157 26.13
125 - 129 236 39.33
130 - 134 252 42.00
135 - 139 268 44.67
140 - 144 283 47.17
145 - 149 299 49.83
150 - 154 315 52.50
155 - 159 331 55.17
160 - 164 346 57.67
165 - 169 362 60.33
170 - 174 378 63.00
175 - 179 394 65.67
180 - 184 409 68.17
185 - 189 425 70.83
190 - 194 441 73.50
195 - 199 457 76.17
200 - 204 472 78.67
205 - 209 488 81.33
210 - 214 504 84.00
215 - 219 520 86.07
220 - 224 536 89.33
225 and above 551 91.83

VAT fuel scale charges from 4/1/11 to 30/4/11

CO2 bandScale charge per quarter £VAT on quarterly charge £
124 or below 141 23.50
125 - 134 212 35.33
135 - 139 227 37.83
140 - 144 241 40.17
145 - 149 255 42.50
150 - 154 269 44.83
155 - 159 283 47.17
160 - 164 297 49.50
165 - 169 312 52.00
170 - 174 326 54.33
175 - 179 340 56.77
180 - 184 354 59.00
185 - 189 368 61.33
190 - 194 383 63.83
195 - 199 397 66.17
200 - 204 411 68.50
205 - 209 425 70.83
210 - 214 439 73.17
215 - 219 454 75.67
220 - 224 468 78.00
225 - 229 482 80.33
230 and above 496 82.67

Van Benefits

2011/12 and 2010/11

The taxable benefit for private use of a company van that is more than home to work travel is £3,000. For 5 years from 2010/11 this is reduced to nil for vans which cannot produce CO2 emissions under any circumstances.

The taxable benefit for fuel provided for private use is £550.